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今天看啥  ›  专栏  ›  Wanght6

Spring Cloud入门操作手册

Wanght6  · CSDN  ·  · 2019-10-30 10:17

文章目录

spring cloud 介绍

spring cloud 是 一系列框架的集合 。它利用 spring boot 的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，如服 务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等 ，都可以用 spring boot 的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。spring cloud 并没有重复制造轮子，它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来，通过 spring boot 风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理，最终给开发者留出了一套 简单易懂、易部署和易维护 的分布式系统开发工具包。

spring cloud 对于中小型互联网公司来说是一种福音，因为这类公司往往没有实力或者没有足够的资金投入去开发自己的分布式系统基础设施，使用 spring cloud 一站式解决方案 能在从容应对业务发展的同时 大大减少开发成本 。同时，随着近几年微服务架构和 docker 容器概念的火爆，也会让 spring cloud 在未来越来越“云”化的软件开发风格中立有一席之地，尤其是在目前五花八门的分布式解决方案中提供了 标准化 的、一站式的技术方案，意义可能会堪比当年 servlet 规范的诞生，有效推进服务端软件系统技术水平的进步。

spring cloud 技术组成

  • eureka

    微服务治理，服务注册和发现

  • ribbon

    负载均衡、请求重试

  • hystrix

    断路器，服务降级、熔断

  • feign

    ribbon + hystrix 集成，并提供生命式客户端

  • hystrix dashboard 和 turbine

    hystrix 微服务监控

  • zuul

    API 网关，提供微服务的统一入口，并提供统一的权限验证

  • config

    配置中心

  • bus

    消息总线, 配置刷新

  • sleuth+zipkin

    链路跟踪

Spring Cloud 对比 Dubbo

  • Dubbo

    • Dubbo只是一个远程调用(RPC)框架
    • 默认基于长连接,支持多种序列化格式

  • Spring Cloud

    • 框架集
    • 提供了一整套微服务解决方案(全家桶)

一、service - 服务

三个服务

  • 商品服务 item service，端口 8001
  • 用户服务 user service，端口 8101
  • 订单服务 order service，端口 8201

二、commons 通用项目

新建 maven 项目

新建commons通用项目

pom.xml 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
	<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>sp01-commons</name>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-module-parameter-names</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.8</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-datatype-jdk8</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.8</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.8</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-datatype-guava</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.8</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<version>1.18.6</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.0</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.26</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
		    <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
		    <version>3.9</version>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.8.0</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.8</source>
					<target>1.8</target>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

java 源文件

java源文件

pojo

Item 

package com.tedu.sp01.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Item {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Integer number;
}

User 

package com.tedu.sp01.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
	private Integer id;
	private String username;
	private String password;
}

Order 

package com.tedu.sp01.pojo;

import java.util.List;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Order {
	private String id;
	private User user;
	private List<Item> items;
}

service

ItemService 

package com.tedu.sp01.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;

public interface ItemService {
	List<Item> getItems(String orderId);
	void decreaseNumbers(List<Item> list);
}

UserService 

package com.tedu.sp01.service;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;

public interface UserService {
	User getUser(Integer id);
	void addScore(Integer id, Integer score);
}

OrderService 

package com.tedu.sp01.service;


import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;

public interface OrderService {
	Order getOrder(String orderId);
	void addOrder(Order order);
}

util

CookieUtil 

package com.tedu.web.util;

import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class CookieUtil {

	/**
	 * @param response
	 * @param name
	 * @param value
	 * @param maxAge
	 */
	public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response,
			String name, String value, String domain, String path, int maxAge) {
		Cookie cookie = new Cookie(name, value);
		if(domain != null) {
			cookie.setDomain(domain);
		}
		cookie.setPath(path);
		cookie.setMaxAge(maxAge);
		response.addCookie(cookie);
	}
	public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name, String value, int maxAge) {
		setCookie(response, name, value, null, "/", maxAge);
	}
	public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name, String value) {
		setCookie(response, name, value, null, "/", 3600);
	}
	public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name) {
		setCookie(response, name, "", null, "/", 3600);
	}

	/**
	 * @param request
	 * @param name
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String getCookie(HttpServletRequest request, String name) {
		String value = null;
		Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
		if (null != cookies) {
			for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
				if (cookie.getName().equals(name)) {
					value = cookie.getValue();
				}
			}
		}
		return value;
	}

	/**
	 * @param response
	 * @param name
	 * @return
	 */
	public static void removeCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name, String domain, String path) {
		setCookie(response, name, "", domain, path, 0);
	}

}

JsonUtil 

package com.tedu.web.util;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.guava.GuavaModule;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jdk8.Jdk8Module;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.module.paramnames.ParameterNamesModule;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
public class JsonUtil {
    private static ObjectMapper mapper;
    private static JsonInclude.Include DEFAULT_PROPERTY_INCLUSION = JsonInclude.Include.NON_DEFAULT;
    private static boolean IS_ENABLE_INDENT_OUTPUT = false;
    private static String CSV_DEFAULT_COLUMN_SEPARATOR = ",";
    static {
        try {
            initMapper();
            configPropertyInclusion();
            configIndentOutput();
            configCommon();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("jackson config error", e);
        }
    }

    private static void initMapper() {
        mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    }

    private static void configCommon() {
        config(mapper);
    }

    private static void configPropertyInclusion() {
        mapper.setSerializationInclusion(DEFAULT_PROPERTY_INCLUSION);
    }

    private static void configIndentOutput() {
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, IS_ENABLE_INDENT_OUTPUT);
    }

    private static void config(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
        objectMapper.enable(JsonGenerator.Feature.WRITE_BIGDECIMAL_AS_PLAIN);
        objectMapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_EMPTY_STRING_AS_NULL_OBJECT);
        objectMapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_SINGLE_VALUE_AS_ARRAY);
        objectMapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_READING_DUP_TREE_KEY);
        objectMapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_NUMBERS_FOR_ENUMS);
        objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES);
        objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_NULL_FOR_PRIMITIVES);
        objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS);
        objectMapper.enable(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_COMMENTS);
        objectMapper.disable(JsonGenerator.Feature.ESCAPE_NON_ASCII);
        objectMapper.enable(JsonGenerator.Feature.IGNORE_UNKNOWN);
        objectMapper.enable(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_UNQUOTED_FIELD_NAMES);
        objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
        objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
        objectMapper.enable(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_SINGLE_QUOTES);
        objectMapper.registerModule(new ParameterNamesModule());
        objectMapper.registerModule(new Jdk8Module());
        objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());
        objectMapper.registerModule(new GuavaModule());
    }
    public static void setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include inclusion) {
        DEFAULT_PROPERTY_INCLUSION = inclusion;
        configPropertyInclusion();
    }

    public static void setIndentOutput(boolean isEnable) {
        IS_ENABLE_INDENT_OUTPUT = isEnable;
        configIndentOutput();
    }

    public static <V> V from(URL url, Class<V> c) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(url, c);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, url: {}, type: {}", url.getPath(), c, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(InputStream inputStream, Class<V> c) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(inputStream, c);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, type: {}", c, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(File file, Class<V> c) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(file, c);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, file path: {}, type: {}", file.getPath(), c, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(Object jsonObj, Class<V> c) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(jsonObj.toString(), c);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, json: {}, type: {}", jsonObj.toString(), c, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(String json, Class<V> c) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, c);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, json: {}, type: {}", json, c, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(URL url, TypeReference<V> type) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(url, type);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, url: {}, type: {}", url.getPath(), type, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(InputStream inputStream, TypeReference<V> type) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(inputStream, type);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, type: {}", type, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(File file, TypeReference<V> type) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(file, type);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, file path: {}, type: {}", file.getPath(), type, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(Object jsonObj, TypeReference<V> type) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(jsonObj.toString(), type);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, json: {}, type: {}", jsonObj.toString(), type, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> V from(String json, TypeReference<V> type) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, type);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson from error, json: {}, type: {}", json, type, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> String to(List<V> list) {
        try {
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(list);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            log.error("jackson to error, obj: {}", list, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> String to(V v) {
        try {
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(v);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            log.error("jackson to error, obj: {}", v, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <V> void toFile(String path, List<V> list) {
        try (Writer writer = new FileWriter(new File(path), true)) {
            mapper.writer().writeValues(writer).writeAll(list);
            writer.flush();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("jackson to file error, path: {}, list: {}", path, list, e);
        }
    }

    public static <V> void toFile(String path, V v) {
        try (Writer writer = new FileWriter(new File(path), true)) {
            mapper.writer().writeValues(writer).write(v);
            writer.flush();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("jackson to file error, path: {}, obj: {}", path, v, e);
        }
    }

    public static String getString(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            if (null != node) {
                return node.get(key).toString();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson get string error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static Integer getInt(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            if (null != node) {
                return node.get(key).intValue();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson get int error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static Long getLong(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            if (null != node) {
                return node.get(key).longValue();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson get long error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static Double getDouble(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            if (null != node) {
                return node.get(key).doubleValue();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson get double error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static BigInteger getBigInteger(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return new BigInteger(String.valueOf(0.00));
        }
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            if (null != node) {
                return node.get(key).bigIntegerValue();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson get biginteger error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static BigDecimal getBigDecimal(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            if (null != node) {
                return node.get(key).decimalValue();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson get bigdecimal error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static boolean getBoolean(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return false;
        }
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            if (null != node) {
                return node.get(key).booleanValue();
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson get boolean error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return false;
        }
    }

    public static byte[] getByte(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            if (null != node) {
                return node.get(key).binaryValue();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson get byte error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <T> ArrayList<T> getList(String json, String key) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
            return null;
        }
        String string = getString(json, key);
        return from(string, new TypeReference<ArrayList<T>>() {});
    }

    public static <T> String add(String json, String key, T value) {
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            add(node, key, value);
            return node.toString();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson add error, json: {}, key: {}, value: {}", json, key, value, e);
            return json;
        }
    }

    private static <T> void add(JsonNode jsonNode, String key, T value) {
        if (value instanceof String) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (String) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Short) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Short) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Integer) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Long) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Long) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Float) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Float) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Double) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Double) value);
        } else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (BigDecimal) value);
        } else if (value instanceof BigInteger) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (BigInteger) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (Boolean) value);
        } else if (value instanceof byte[]) {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, (byte[]) value);
        } else {
            ((ObjectNode) jsonNode).put(key, to(value));
        }
    }

    public static String remove(String json, String key) {
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            ((ObjectNode) node).remove(key);
            return node.toString();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson remove error, json: {}, key: {}", json, key, e);
            return json;
        }
    }

    public static <T> String update(String json, String key, T value) {
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            ((ObjectNode) node).remove(key);
            add(node, key, value);
            return node.toString();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson update error, json: {}, key: {}, value: {}", json, key, value, e);
            return json;
        }
    }

    public static String format(String json) {
        try {
            JsonNode node = mapper.readTree(json);
            return mapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(node);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jackson format json error, json: {}", json, e);
            return json;
        }
    }

    public static boolean isJson(String json) {
        try {
            mapper.readTree(json);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("jackson check json error, json: {}", json, e);
            return false;
        }
    }

    private static InputStream getResourceStream(String name) {
        return JsonUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(name);
    }

    private static InputStreamReader getResourceReader(InputStream inputStream) {
        if (null == inputStream) {
            return null;
        }
        return new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }
}

JsonResult 

package com.tedu.web.util;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Getter
@Setter
public class JsonResult<T> {
	/** 成功 */
	public static final int SUCCESS = 200;

	/** 没有登录 */
	public static final int NOT_LOGIN = 400;

	/** 发生异常 */
	public static final int EXCEPTION = 401;

	/** 系统错误 */
	public static final int SYS_ERROR = 402;

	/** 参数错误 */
	public static final int PARAMS_ERROR = 403;

	/** 不支持或已经废弃 */
	public static final int NOT_SUPPORTED = 410;

	/** AuthCode错误 */
	public static final int INVALID_AUTHCODE = 444;

	/** 太频繁的调用 */
	public static final int TOO_FREQUENT = 445;

	/** 未知的错误 */
	public static final int UNKNOWN_ERROR = 499;
	
	private int code;
	private String msg;
	private T data;
	
	

	public static JsonResult build() {
		return new JsonResult();
	}
	public static JsonResult build(int code) {
		return new JsonResult().code(code);
	}
	public static JsonResult build(int code, String msg) {
		return new JsonResult<String>().code(code).msg(msg);
	}
	public static <T> JsonResult<T> build(int code, T data) {
		return new JsonResult<T>().code(code).data(data);
	}
	public static <T> JsonResult<T> build(int code, String msg, T data) {
		return new JsonResult<T>().code(code).msg(msg).data(data);
	}
	
	public JsonResult<T> code(int code) {
		this.code = code;
		return this;
	}
	public JsonResult<T> msg(String msg) {
		this.msg = msg;
		return this;
	}
	public JsonResult<T> data(T data) {
		this.data = data;
		return this;
	}
	
	
	public static JsonResult ok() {
		return build(SUCCESS);
	}
	public static JsonResult ok(String msg) {
		return build(SUCCESS, msg);
	}
	public static <T> JsonResult<T> ok(T data) {
		return build(SUCCESS, data);
	}
	public static JsonResult err() {
		return build(EXCEPTION);
	}
	public static JsonResult err(String msg) {
		return build(EXCEPTION, msg);
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return JsonUtil.to(this);
	}
}

三、item service 商品服务

  1. 新建项目
  2. 配置依赖 pom.xml
  3. 配置 application.yml
  4. 配置主程序
  5. 编写代码

新建 spring boot 起步项目

新建itemservice项目

选择依赖项

  • 只选择 web

选择依赖

pom.xml

  • 要填加 sp01-commons 项目依赖 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
	<artifactId>sp02-itemservice</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>sp02-itemservice</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
			<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

application.yml

yml文件 

spring:
  application:
    name: item-service
    
server:
  port: 8001

主程序

  • 默认代码，不需要修改 
package com.tedu.sp02;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp02ItemserviceApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Sp02ItemserviceApplication.class, args);
	}

}

java 源文件

java源文件

ItemServiceImpl 

package com.tedu.sp02.item.service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.service.ItemService;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@Service
public class ItemServiceImpl implements ItemService {

	@Override
	public List<Item> getItems(String orderId) {
		ArrayList<Item> list = new ArrayList<Item>();
		list.add(new Item(1, "商品 1",1));
		list.add(new Item(2, "商品 2",2));
		list.add(new Item(3, "商品 3",3));
		list.add(new Item(4, "商品 4",4));
		list.add(new Item(5, "商品 5",5));
		return list;
	}

	@Override
	public void decreaseNumbers(List<Item> list) {
		if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
			for(Item item : list) {
				log.info("减少库存 - "+item);
			}
		}
	}
}

ItemController

  • 如果存在 jackson-dataformat-xml 依赖，会根据请求协议头，可能返回 xml 或 json；可以强制返回 json:
    produces=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE 
package com.tedu.sp02.item.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.service.ItemService;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class ItemController {
	@Autowired
	private ItemService itemService;
	
	@Value("${server.port}")
	private int port;
	
	@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
	public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
		log.info("server.port="+port+", orderId="+orderId);
		
		List<Item> items = itemService.getItems(orderId);
		return JsonResult.ok(items).msg("port="+port);
	}
	
	@PostMapping("/decreaseNumber")
	public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
		itemService.decreaseNumbers(items);
		return JsonResult.ok();
	}
}

访问测试

根据orderid，查询商品
http://localhost:8001/35

减少商品库存
http://localhost:8001/decreaseNumber

使用postman，POST发送以下格式数据：
[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]

postman

四、user service 用户服务

  1. 新建项目
  2. 配置依赖 pom.xml
  3. 配置 application.yml
  4. 配置主程序
  5. 编写代码

新建 spring boot 起步项目

新建userservice项目

选择依赖项

  • 只选择 web

选择依赖

pom.xml

  • 要填加 sp01-commons 项目依赖 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
	<artifactId>sp03-userservice</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>sp03-userservice</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
			<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

application.yml

  • 其中 sp.user-service.users 属性为自定义属性，提供用于测试的用户数据 
sp:
  user-service:
    users: "[{\"id\":7, \"username\":\"abc\",\"password\":\"123\"},{\"id\":8, \"username\":\"def\",\"password\":\"456\"},{\"id\":9, \"username\":\"ghi\",\"password\":\"789\"}]"

spring:
  application:
    name: user-service
    
server:
  port: 8101

主程序

  • 默认代码，不需要修改 
package com.tedu.sp03;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp03UserserviceApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Sp03UserserviceApplication.class, args);
	}

}

java源文件

java源文件

UserServiceImpl 

package com.tedu.sp03.user.service;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import com.tedu.sp01.service.UserService;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonUtil;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
	@Value("${sp.user-service.users}")
	private String userJson;
	
	@Override
	public User getUser(Integer id) {
		log.info("users json string : "+userJson);
		List<User> list = JsonUtil.from(userJson, new TypeReference<List<User>>() {});
		for (User u : list) {
			if (u.getId().equals(id)) {
				return u;
			}
		}
		
		return new User(id, "name-"+id, "pwd-"+id);
	}

	@Override
	public void addScore(Integer id, Integer score) {
		//TODO 这里增加积分
		log.info("user "+id+" - 增加积分 "+score);
	}

}

UserController

  • 如果存在 jackson-dataformat-xml 依赖，会根据请求协议头，可能返回 xml 或 json；可以强制返回 json:
    produces=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE 
package com.tedu.sp03.user.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import com.tedu.sp01.service.UserService;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class UserController {
	
	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
	
	@GetMapping("/{userId}")
	public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
		log.info("get user, userId="+userId);
		User u = userService.getUser(userId);
		return JsonResult.ok(u);
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/{userId}/score") 
	public JsonResult addScore(
			@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
		userService.addScore(userId, score);
		return JsonResult.ok();
	}
}

访问测试

根据userid查询用户信息
http://localhost:8101/7

根据userid，为用户增加积分
http://localhost:8101/7/score?score=100

五、order service 订单服务

  1. 新建项目
  2. 配置依赖 pom.xml
  3. 配置 application.yml
  4. 配置主程序
  5. 编写代码

新建 spring boot 起步项目

新建orderservice项目

选择依赖项

  • 只选择 web

选择依赖

pom.xml

  • 要填加 sp01-commons 项目依赖 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
	<artifactId>sp04-orderservice</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>sp04-orderservice</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
			<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

applicatoin.yml 

spring:
  application:
    name: order-service
    
server:
  port: 8201

主程序

  • 默认代码，不需要修改 
package com.tedu.sp04;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp04OrderserviceApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Sp04OrderserviceApplication.class, args);
	}

}

java 源文件

java源文件

OrderServiceImpl 

package com.tedu.sp04.order.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import com.tedu.sp01.service.OrderService;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

	@Override
	public Order getOrder(String orderId) {
		//TODO: 调用user-service获取用户信息
		//TODO: 调用item-service获取商品信息
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setId(orderId);
		return order;
	}

	@Override
	public void addOrder(Order order) {
		//TODO: 调用item-service减少商品库存
		//TODO: 调用user-service增加用户积分
		log.info("保存订单："+order);
	}

}

OrderController 

package com.tedu.sp04.order.controller;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import com.tedu.sp01.service.OrderService;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class OrderController {
	@Autowired
	private OrderService orderService;
	
	@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
	public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
		log.info("get order, id="+orderId);
		
		Order order = orderService.getOrder(orderId);
		return JsonResult.ok(order);
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/")
	public JsonResult addOrder() {
		//模拟post提交的数据
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setId("123abc");
		order.setUser(new User(7,null,null));
		order.setItems(Arrays.asList(new Item[] {
				new Item(1,"aaa",2),
				new Item(2,"bbb",1),
				new Item(3,"ccc",3),
				new Item(4,"ddd",1),
				new Item(5,"eee",5),
		}));
		orderService.addOrder(order);
		return JsonResult.ok();
	}
}

访问测试

根据orderid，获取订单
http://localhost:8201/123abc

保存订单，观察控制台日志输出
http://localhost:8201/

六、service 访问测试汇总

  • item-service

根据orderid，查询商品
http://localhost:8001/35

减少商品库存
http://localhost:8001/decreaseNumber

使用postman，POST发送以下格式数据：
[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]

  • user-service

根据userid查询用户信息
http://localhost:8101/7

根据userid，为用户增加积分
http://localhost:8101/7/score?score=100

  • order-service

根据orderid，获取订单
http://localhost:8201/123abc

保存订单，观察控制台日志输出
http://localhost:8201/

postman

七、eureka 注册与发现

eureka注册中心

  1. 创建eureka项目
  2. 配置依赖 pom.xml
  3. 配置 application.yml
  4. 主程序启用 eureka 服务器
  5. 启动，访问测试

创建 eureka server 项目：sp05-eureka

新建eureka项目
选择依赖

pom.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
	<artifactId>sp05-eureka</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>sp05-eureka</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

application.yml 

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server
    
server:
  port: 2001
  
eureka:
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false
  instance:
    hostname: eureka1
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false

  • eureka 集群服务器之间，通过 hostname 来区分

  • eureka.server.enable-self-preservation

    eureka 的自我保护状态：心跳失败的比例，在15分钟内是否低于85%,如果出现了低于的情况，Eureka Server会将当前的实例注册信息保护起来，同时提示一个警告，一旦进入保护模式，Eureka Server将会尝试保护其服务注册表中的信息，不再删除服务注册表中的数据。也就是不会注销任何微服务

  • eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false

    不向自身注册

  • eureka.client.fetch-registry=false

    不从自身拉取注册信息

  • eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds

    最后一次心跳后，间隔多久认定微服务不可用，默认90

主程序

  • 添加 @EnableEurekaServer 
package com.tedu.sp05;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp05EurekaApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Sp05EurekaApplication.class, args);
	}

}

修改 hosts 文件，添加 eureka 域名映射

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

添加内容： 

127.0.0.1       eureka1
127.0.0.1       eureka2

启动，并访问测试

  • http://eureka1:2001

eureka

八、service provider 服务提供者

eureka注册中心

  • 修改 item-service、user-service、order-service，把微服务注册到 eureka 服务器
  1. pom.xml 添加eureka依赖
  2. application.yml 添加eureka注册配置
  3. 主程序启用eureka客户端
  4. 启动服务，在eureka中查看注册信息

pom.xml 添加 eureka 客户端依赖 

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>
		spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
	</artifactId>
	<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

application.yml 添加 eureka注册配置 

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka

  • eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds

    心跳间隔时间，默认 30 秒

  • defaultZone，默认位置，可以修改为具体地理位置，比如：beiJing, shangHai, shenZhen 等，表示 eureka 服务器的部署位置

  • eureka.client.registry-fetch-interval-seconds

    拉取注册信息间隔时间，默认 30 秒

主程序启用服务注册发现客户端

修改 item-service、user-service 和 order-service，
主程序添加 @EnableDiscoveryClient 注解

启动，并访问 eureka 查看注册信息

启动服务

  • http://eureka1:2001

eureka

九、eureka 和 “服务提供者”的高可用

eureka和item高可用

eureka 高可用

application.yml 

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server
    
#server:
#  port: 2001

eureka:
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false
#  instance:
#    hostname: eureka1
#  client:
#    register-with-eureka: false
#    fetch-registry: false

---
spring:
  profiles: eureka1

server:
  port: 2001
  
# eureka1 向 eureka2 注册
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka1
  client:
    service-url: 
      defaultZone: http://eureka2:2002/eureka

---
spring:
  profiles: eureka2

server:
  port: 2002
  
# eureka2 向 eureka1 注册
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka2
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka

STS 配置启动参数 --spring.profiles.active

  • eureka1 启动参数： 
--spring.profiles.active=eureka1

配置启动项

启动参数

  • eureka2 启动参数： 
--spring.profiles.active=eureka2

复制启动项

启动参数

启动项

命令行运行时添加参数： 

java -jar xxx.jar --spring.profiles.active=eureka1

访问 eureka 服务器，查看注册信息

  • http://eureka1:2001/

eureka1

  • http://eureka2:2002/

eureka2

eureka客户端注册时，向两个服务器注册

修改以下微服务

  • sp02-itemservice
  • sp03-userservice
  • sp04-orderservice
  • sp06-ribbon 
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka

当一个 eureka 服务宕机时，仍可以连接另一个 eureka 服务

item-service 高可用

application.yml 


spring:
  application:
    name: item-service
    
#server:
#  port: 8001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka

---
spring:
  profiles: item1
  
server:
  port: 8001
---
spring:
  profiles: item2

server:
  port: 8002

配置启动参数

  • item-service-8001 
--spring.profiles.active=item1

配置启动项

启动参数

复制启动项

  • item-service-8002 
--spring.profiles.active=item2

启动参数

启动项

启动测试

  • 访问 eureka 查看 item-service 注册信息

集群

  • 访问两个端口测试

http://localhost:8001/35

http://localhost:8002/35

十、ribbon 服务消费者

服务消费者

ribbon 提供了负载均衡和重试功能

  1. 新建 ribbon 项目
  2. pom.xml
  3. application.yml
  4. 主程序
  5. controller
  6. 启动，并访问测试

新建 sp06-ribbon 项目

新建ribbon项目
选择依赖

pom.xml

  • eureka-client 中已经包含 ribbon 依赖

  • 需要添加 sp01-commons 依赖 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
	<artifactId>springcloud-012-ribbon</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>springcloud-012-ribbon</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Cloud</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
			<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

application.yml 

spring:
  application:
    name: ribbon
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka

主程序

  • 创建 RestTemplate 实例

    RestTemplate 是用来调用其他微服务的工具类，封装了远程调用代码，提供了一组用于远程调用的模板方法，例如： getForObject() 、 postForObject() 等 
package com.tedu.sp06;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
	
	//创建 RestTemplate 实例，并存入 spring 容器
	@Bean
	public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
		return new RestTemplate();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
	}

}

RibbonController 

package com.tedu.sp06.consoller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

@RestController
public class RibbonController {
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate rt;
	
	@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
	public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
	    //向指定微服务地址发送 get 请求，并获得该服务的返回结果 
	    //{1} 占位符，用 orderId 填充
		return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8001/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
	}

	@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
	public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
	    //发送 post 请求
		return rt.postForObject("http://localhost:8001/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
	}

	/////////////////////////////////////////
	
	@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
	public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8101/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
	}

	@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score") 
	public JsonResult addScore(
			@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8101/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
	}
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////
	
	@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
	public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8201/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
	}

	@GetMapping("/order-service")
	public JsonResult addOrder() {
		return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8201/", JsonResult.class);
	}
}

启动服务，并访问测试

启动服务

http://eureka1:2001

http://localhost:3001/item-service/35

http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber

使用postman，POST发送以下格式数据：

[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]

http://localhost:3001/user-service/7

http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100

http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc

http://localhost:3001/order-service/

十一、ribbon 负载均衡

ribbon

  • 修改 sp06-ribbon 项目
  1. 添加 ribbon 起步依赖（可选）
  2. RestTemplate 设置 @LoadBalanced
  3. 访问路径设置为服务id

添加 ribbon 起步依赖（可选）

  • eureka 依赖中已经包含了 ribbon 
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

RestTemplate 设置 @LoadBalanced

@LoadBalanced 负载均衡注解，会对 RestTemplate 实例进行封装，创建动态代理对象，并切入（AOP）负载均衡代码，把请求分散分发到集群中的服务器 

package com.tedu.sp06;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
	
	@LoadBalanced //负载均衡注解
	@Bean
	public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
		return new RestTemplate();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
	}

}

访问路径设置为服务id 

package com.tedu.sp06.consoller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

@RestController
public class RibbonController {
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate rt;
	
	@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
	public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
	    //这里服务器路径用 service-id 代替，ribbon 会向服务的多台集群服务器分发请求
		return rt.getForObject("http://item-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
	}

	@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
	public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
		return rt.postForObject("http://item-service/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
	}

	/////////////////////////////////////////
	
	@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
	public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
	}

	@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score") 
	public JsonResult addScore(
			@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
	}
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////
	
	@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
	public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
	}

	@GetMapping("/order-service")
	public JsonResult addOrder() {
		return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/", JsonResult.class);
	}
}

访问测试

  • 访问测试，ribbon 会把请求分发到 8001 和 8002 两个服务端口上

http://localhost:3001/item-service/34

访问测试

访问测试

ribbon 重试

pom.xml 添加 spring-retry 依赖 

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml 配置 ribbon 重试 

spring:
  application:
    name: ribbon
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:    
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
      
ribbon:
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
  MaxAutoRetries: 1
  OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
  • ConnectionTimeout
  • ReadTimeout
  • OkToRetryOnAllOperations=true

    对连接超时、读取超时都进行重试
  • MaxAutoRetriesNextServer

    更换实例的次数
  • MaxAutoRetries

    当前实例重试次数，尝试失败会更换下一个实例

主程序设置 RestTemplate 的请求工厂的超时属性 

package com.tedu.sp06;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {

	@LoadBalanced
	@Bean
	public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
		SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory f = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
		f.setConnectTimeout(1000);
		f.setReadTimeout(1000);
		return new RestTemplate(f);
		
		//RestTemplate 中默认的 Factory 实例中，两个超时属性默认是 -1，
		//未启用超时，也不会触发重试
		//return new RestTemplate();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
	}

}

item-service 的 ItemController 添加延迟代码，以便测试 ribbon 的重试机制 

package com.tedu.sp02.item.controller;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.service.ItemService;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class ItemController {
	@Autowired
	private ItemService itemService;
	
	@Value("${server.port}")
	private int port;
	
	@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
	public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) throws Exception {
		log.info("server.port="+port+", orderId="+orderId);

        ///--设置随机延迟
		long t = new Random().nextInt(5000);
		if(Math.random()<0.6) { 
			log.info("item-service-"+port+" - 暂停 "+t);
			Thread.sleep(t);
		}
		///~~
		
		List<Item> items = itemService.getItems(orderId);
		return JsonResult.ok(items).msg("port="+port);
	}
	
	@PostMapping("/decreaseNumber")
	public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
		itemService.decreaseNumbers(items);
		return JsonResult.ok();
	}
}

访问，测试 ribbon 重试机制

  • 通过 ribbon 访问 item-service，当超时，ribbon 会重试请求集群中其他服务器

http://localhost:3001/item-service/35

重试测试
重试测试

  • ribbon的重试机制，在 feign 和 zuul 中进一步进行了封装，后续可以使用feign或zuul的重试机制

十二、ribbon + hystrix 断路器

  • https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki
    hystrix

微服务宕机时，ribbon 无法转发请求

  • 关闭 item-service

关闭item

白板页

复制 sp06-ribbon 项目，命名为sp07-hystrix

  • 选择 sp06-ribbon 项目，ctrl-c，ctrl-v，复制为sp07-hystrix
  • 关闭 sp06-ribbon 项目，后续测试使用 sp07-hystrix 项目

复制项目

修改 pom.xml

修改pom

添加 hystrix 起步依赖 

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

修改 application.yml

修改yml 


spring:
  application:
    name: hystrix
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:    
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
      
ribbon:
  MaxAutoRetries: 1
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
  OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true

主程序添加 @EnableCircuitBreaker 启用 hystrix 断路器

启动断路器，断路器提供两个核心功能：

  • 降级 ，超时、出错、不可到达时，对服务降级，返回错误信息或者是缓存数据

  • 熔断 ，当服务压力过大，错误比例过多时，熔断所有请求，所有请求直接降级

  • 可以使用 @SpringCloudApplication 注解代替三个注解 

package com.tedu.sp06;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

//@EnableCircuitBreaker
//@EnableDiscoveryClient
//@SpringBootApplication

@SpringCloudApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {

	@LoadBalanced
	@Bean
	public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
		SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory f = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
		f.setConnectTimeout(1000);
		f.setReadTimeout(1000);
		return new RestTemplate(f);
		
		//RestTemplate 中默认的 Factory 实例中，两个超时属性默认是 -1，
		//未启用超时，也不会触发重试
		//return new RestTemplate();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
	}

}

RibbonController 中添加降级方法

  • 为每个方法添加降级方法，例如 getItems() 添加降级方法 getItemsFB()
  • 添加 @HystrixCommand 注解，指定降级方法名 
package com.tedu.sp06.consoller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

@RestController
public class RibbonController {
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate rt;
	
	@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getItemsFB") //指定降级方法的方法名
	public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://item-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
	}

	@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "decreaseNumberFB")
	public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
		return rt.postForObject("http://item-service/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
	}

	/////////////////////////////////////////
	
	@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getUserFB")
	public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
	}

	@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score") 
	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "addScoreFB")
	public JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
	}
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////
	
	@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getOrderFB")
	public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
		return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
	}

	@GetMapping("/order-service")
	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "addOrderFB")
	public JsonResult addOrder() {
		return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/", JsonResult.class);
	}
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////

    //降级方法的参数和返回值，需要和原始方法一致，方法名任意
	public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItemsFB(String orderId) {
		return JsonResult.err("获取订单商品列表失败");
	}
	public JsonResult decreaseNumberFB(List<Item> items) {
		return JsonResult.err("更新商品库存失败");
	}
	public JsonResult<User> getUserFB(Integer userId) {
		return JsonResult.err("获取用户信息失败");
	}
	public JsonResult addScoreFB(Integer userId, Integer score) {
		return JsonResult.err("增加用户积分失败");
	}
	public JsonResult<Order> getOrderFB(String orderId) {
		return JsonResult.err("获取订单失败");
	}
	public JsonResult addOrderFB() {
		return JsonResult.err("添加订单失败");
	}

}

hystrix 短路超时设置

hystrix




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