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How did “wolf culture” become part of Chinese tech culture’s DNA? In 2020, Olivia Yijian Liu, then a Ph.D. student at the University of Oslo, arrived in the southern Chinese megacity of Shenzhen, a place she saw as key to understanding China’s booming high-tech entrepreneurship scene. Known globally for its breakneck pace of economic development, Shenzhen had transformed from obscure coastal town to manufacturing center to bustling tech hub in the span of a generation. By the 2010s, the city was crowded with entrepreneurs, venture capital investors, transnational corporations, and research institutes. A new culture also began to form, as the tightly fastened screws of the assembly line gave way to a breakneck pursuit of competitive advantage. Championing this “wolf culture,” as it later came to be known, was the Shenzhen-based telecommunications giant Huawei. Ren Zhengfei, Huawei’s founder, famously likened his philosophy of organizational management to the three traits h
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