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Detail The development and maintenance of our built environment contribute substantially to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with approximately 40% attributed to these activities (Hossain & Ng, 2019). With issues of energy efficiency of buildings being increasingly addressed, the focus is turning to embodied (or grey) emissions, arising from the extraction, transportation, and manufacturing of raw materials. Construction activities – including use, refurbishment, and demolition – contribute to approximately 40% of the global resource extraction and 25% of global waste generation (Hossain & Ng, 2019). As the climate crisis unfolds, urgent measures are necessary to minimize these impacts, with the circular economy (CE) emerging as a pertinent paradigm for achieving sustainable resource use in the built environment. CE strategies for the built environment include prioritizing continued use of existing buildings through refurbishment and transformation, reuse of building comp
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