翟老师讲分析哲学：奎因的“经验主义的两个教条”（1951）和“回首两个教条”（1991）【之一】

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翟老师讲分析哲学：奎因的“经验主义的两个教条”（ 1951 ）和“回首两个教条”（ 1991 ）【之一】 导言 原文 + 翻译 Modern empiricism has been conditioned in large part by two dogmas. One is a belief in some fundamental cleavage between truths which are analytic, or grounded in meanings independently of matters of fact, and truths which are synthetic, or grounded in fact. The other dogma is reductionism: the belief that each meaningful statement is equivalent to some logical construct upon terms which refer to immediate experience. Both dogmas, I shall argue, are ill-founded. One effect of abandoning them is, as we shall see, a blurring of the supposed boundary between speculative metaphysics and natural science. Another effect is a shift toward pragmatism. 现代经验主义在很大程度上受到两个教条的影响。一个教条是：相信在分析真理和综合真理之间存在着根本的区别；据说，分析真理只以独立于事 ………………………………