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Moss, fungi and lichen may seem inconspicuous but they can damage cultural relics, or, conversely, protect them from erosion. This dual functionality provides a broad selection of research topics and attracts multidisciplinary scholars to continuously explore and innovate effective measures for conservation. Domestic and foreign academic efforts in this field over the past decade, based on cases conducted under different climates and of different types of cultural relics, were reviewed at the second International Symposium on Biodeterioration and Protection of Cultural Heritage, held at the Dunhuang Academy in Northwest China's Gansu province in June. Unlike museum collections, kept in a dry and sterile environment, large outdoor artifacts are subject to weathering and undesirable effects from organisms, or biodeterioration, says Gu Ji-Dong, professor at the Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Shantou, Guangdong province. ▲ A tower displaying smiling Buddha faces at
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