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In the early stages, foreign companies sent their managers, sales experts and engineers, along with product samples, to cities like Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou, Guangdong province to establish representative offices and test the viability of the Chinese market — particularly during the 1980s. By the 1990s, many of these companies began building factories in locations such as Shanghai; Taicang and Kunshan in Jiangsu province; Dongguan, Guangdong; and Xiamen, Fujian province. The number of their plants surged after China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. With products manufactured in China being supplied to both domestic and international markets, foreign enterprises like France's Schneider Electric and Germany's Bosch Group increasingly appointed Chinese executives to lead their operations in the country. This move was part of broader localization strategies, which also included the establishment of numerous research and development centers within China. As the
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