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Question Researchers evaluated the effectiveness of a single application of topical chloramphenicol ointment in preventing wound infection after minor dermatological surgery. A randomised placebo controlled, double blind, multicentre trial was performed. Placebo was a single application of paraffin ointment. A total of 972 minor surgery patients with high risk sutured wounds were recruited and randomised to a single topical dose of chloramphenicol ointment (n=488) or placebo (n=484). The primary outcome measure was incidence of infection on the agreed day of removal of sutures or sooner if the patient re-presented with a perceived infection. The researchers reported that the percentage of participants with an infection was significantly lower in the chloramphenicol group than in the placebo group (6.6% versus 11%; P=0.01). The relative risk of wound infection for chloramphenicol compared with placebo was 0.6 (95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.91). The number needed to treat was 22.8. W
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