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534 How Vienna Shaped the Modern World? Why and how did Vienna nurture so many exceptional individuals who had a profound impact on the world? Cockett, R. (2024). Vienna. How the city of ideas created the modern world. Yale University Press. Source:https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300279368/vienna/ What do the following four books have in common? Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom (1944), Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation (also 1944), Karl Popper's The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945), and Joseph Schumpeter's Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942). First, these four books were published around the same time, in the 1940s. More importantly, all four became landmark works in Western political, economic, and social thought, exerting profound influence on subsequent theory and practice. They defined core debates in modern society regarding liberty, market economy, democratic institutions, and social transformation. To this day, they remain foundational texts for discussi
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